Understanding Ovarian Cancer: Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Screening Recommendations

Ludhiana Hindustanabtak.com/Dinesh Bhardwaj : 06 May Ovarian cancer is the most deadly of gynecologic tumors, affecting women worldwide. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Breast Cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in Punjab, followed by Ovarian Cancer, which ranks fourth in the state. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment, as ovarian cancer can often be hard to detect until it reaches its advanced stages.

Dr. Gursimran Kaur, Consultant Gynaecologist at Fortis Hospital, Ludhiana says, “While ovarian cancer can affect women of any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in women who are over the age of 40 and have hit menopause. Since early detection is key to improving outcomes, it is crucial to understand the risk factors and signs of this disease, which can include a family history of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or colorectal cancer, having cancer syndrome, use of certain fertility drugs, and hormonal imbalances. Women who have never been pregnant or who have a history of infertility are also at increased risk. Additionally, women who have a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene are at higher risk.”

Symptoms of ovarian cancer can be vague, making early detection difficult, but some patients reported noticeable symptoms three to 12 months before diagnosis. The most common symptoms include pain in the pelvis and abdomen, increased frequency and urge to urinate, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, and bloating or abdominal distension.

Dr. Gursimran emphasized, “Routine screening for ovarian cancer is not recommended for most women. However, if you are at an increased risk of ovarian cancer, such as those with a family history of the disease or those who have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, speak with your healthcare provider about your options for screening and prevention. Screening for ovarian cancer typically involves a combination of a pelvic exam, transvaginal ultrasound, and a blood test to measure levels of the CA-125 protein. As far as transvaginal ultrasound is concerned, this is an advised test but it is not very specific about the nature of the masses- whether it is benign or cancerous. However, it can serve as the initial step in detecting the growth of unnatural tumors in the patient.”

Dr. Davinder Paul, Senior Consultant, Medical Oncology at Fortis Hospital, Ludhiana, says “Ovarian cancer is typically treated with a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and sometimes radiation therapy. The type of treatment recommended depends on the stage and grade of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. It is important to note that each patient’s treatment plan is individualized based on their specific situation. The goal of treatment is to remove as much cancer as possible while minimizing side effects and preserving the quality of life. It is important for patients to work closely with their healthcare team to determine the best course of treatment for them.”